TESTAUTOMATION

🔵 Selenium-based frameworks

These use Selenium WebDriver under the hood (directly or indirectly).

1️⃣ Selenium WebDriver

• Language: Java, Python, C#, JavaScript, Ruby

• Type: Browser automation library

• Best for: Low-level control, custom frameworks

• Pros: Industry standard, huge community

• Cons: Verbose, requires framework setup

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2️⃣ TestNG

• Language: Java

• Type: Test framework (often with Selenium)

• Best for: Complex Java test suites

• Pros: Parallel execution, annotations

• Cons: Java-only, not browser-specific

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3️⃣ JUnit

• Language: Java

• Type: Unit & UI test framework

• Best for: Java projects with Selenium

• Pros: Simple, widely adopted

• Cons: Less powerful than TestNG for UI tests

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4️⃣ Robot Framework

• Language: Python-based (keyword-driven)

• Uses: SeleniumLibrary

• Best for: Readable, business-friendly tests

• Pros: Great reports, easy syntax

• Cons: Slower, less flexible than raw code

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5️⃣ Serenity BDD

• Language: Java

• Uses: Selenium + Cucumber

• Best for: BDD + rich reporting

• Pros: Excellent reports

• Cons: Complex setup

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6️⃣ Cucumber

• Language: Java, JS, Ruby

• Uses: Selenium

• Best for: BDD (Gherkin)

• Pros: Business-readable scenarios

• Cons: Step-definition overhead

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🟢 Non-Selenium browser automation

These do NOT use Selenium and are usually faster and more modern.

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7️⃣ Playwright ⭐

• Language: JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, Java, C#

• Type: Browser automation

• Best for: Modern web apps (SPA)

• Pros:

  • Very fast

  • Auto-waits

  • Multi-browser support

• Cons: Newer ecosystem than Selenium

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8️⃣ Cypress ⭐

• Language: JavaScript / TypeScript

• Type: Frontend E2E testing

• Best for: Frontend-heavy apps

• Pros:

  • Easy setup

  • Time-travel debugging

• Cons:

  • No multi-tab

  • Limited cross-browser support

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9️⃣ Puppeteer

• Language: JavaScript

• Type: Chrome automation

• Best for: Chrome-only automation

• Pros: Very fast

• Cons: Chromium only

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🟣 Mobile automation frameworks

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🔟 Appium

• Language: Java, Python, JS, C#

• Type: Mobile automation

• Uses: WebDriver protocol

• Best for: Android & iOS

• Pros: Cross-platform

• Cons: Slow, complex setup

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1️⃣1️⃣ Espresso

• Platform: Android

• Best for: Native Android apps

• Pros: Fast, stable

• Cons: Android-only

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1️⃣2️⃣ XCUITest

• Platform: iOS

• Best for: Native iOS apps

• Pros: Apple-native

• Cons: iOS-only

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🟡 API automation (non-UI)

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1️⃣3️⃣ REST Assured

• Language: Java

• Best for: API testing

• Pros: Fluent syntax

• Cons: Java-only

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1️⃣4️⃣ Postman / Newman

• Language: JS

• Best for: Quick API automation

• Pros: Easy learning curve

• Cons: Limited for large frameworks

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1️⃣5️⃣ Karate

• Language: DSL (Java-based)

• Best for: API + UI automation

• Pros: No coding required

• Cons: Less flexible than code

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🔥 Most popular TODAY (industry trend)

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TL;DR

• Selenium → still dominant, but aging

• Playwright → fastest growing ⭐

• Cypress → frontend-friendly

• Robot Framework → business readable

• Appium → mobile standard

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